Enhanced Crystal Quality of Perovskite via Protonated Graphitic Carbon Nitride Added in Carbon-Based Perovskite Solar Cells

The quality of perovskite layers has a great impact on the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, defects and related trap sites are generated inevitably in the solution-processed polycrystalline perovskite films. It is meaningful to reduce and passivate the defect states by incorporating additive into the perovskite layer to improve perovskite crystallization. Here an environmental friendly 2D nanomaterial protonated graphitic carbon nitride (p-g-C\begin{document}$_3$\end{document}N\begin{document}$_4$\end{document}) was successfully synthesized and doped into perovskite layer of carbon-based PSCs. The addition of p-g-C\begin{document}$_3$\end{document}N\begin{document}$_4$\end{document} into perovskite precursor solution not only adjusts nucleation and growth rate of methylammonium lead tri-iodide (MAPbI\begin{document}$_3$\end{document}) crystal for obtaining flat perovskite surface with larger grain size, but also reduces intrinsic defects of perovskite layer. It is found that the p-g-C\begin{document}$_3$\end{document}N\begin{document}$_4$\end{document} locates at the perovskite core, and the active groups -NH\begin{document}$_2$\end{document}/NH\begin{document}$_3$\end{document} and NH have a hydrogen bond strengthening, which effectively passivates electron traps and enhances the crystal quality of perovskite. As a result, a higher power conversion efficiency of 6.61% is achieved, compared with that doped with g-C\begin{document}$_3$\end{document}N\begin{document}$_4$\end{document} (5.93%) and undoped one (4.48%). This work demonstrates a simple method to modify the perovskite film by doping new modified additives and develops a low-cost preparation for carbon-based PSCs.     

“功能涂料”课程的教学改革:打造趣味性、互动性和挑战性的课堂*

本着培养涂料行业精英人才的宗旨,针对涂料行业对人才需求的特点,结合多年教学经验,从教材的选择、教学内容设置、教学方法改进以及考核方法改革等4个方面探索了“功能涂料”课程的教学方法改革与课程实践。通过自编教材,精心设置授课内容,将科研成果、前沿知识、生活场景、新闻事件与书本知识相结合,提高课堂的趣味性;通过讨论法和交换式互动上课来加强课堂的互动性;通过过程性评价提高课程的学业挑战度。通过教学改革,本课程的选课率和出勤率得到了大幅提高,学生对涂料的兴趣明显增加,毕业后选择进入涂料领域工作的学生也越来越多。     

重视反馈的逆向教学设计:以质谱课程的教学为例*

基于逆向教学设计的特点及实践,分析了传统逆向教学设计的课堂实现中存在的关于预期评估与实际评估脱节的问题,阐述了教学反馈的重要性。从而提出了一种重视反馈的逆向教学设计方法。这种方法将评估预判和反馈策略充分结合到逆向教学设计中,在评估和反馈之间进行了有效关联,很好地解决了以上问题。结合笔者在质谱课程中的实践经验,对相应的教学设计的过程进行了举例说明。     

丹荷颗粒治疗高脂血症质量标志物发现研究

为寻找丹荷颗粒治疗高脂血症的质量标志物,该研究基于丹荷颗粒体内成分分析结果,采用Cytoscape软件构建高脂血症-共有靶点-丹荷颗粒体内成分作用网络,利用DAVID及String数据库分别对共有靶点进行生物过程、通路富集及网络拓扑分析,明确丹荷颗粒降脂作用关键靶点及成分,再建立油酸诱导的HepG2细胞脂质堆积模型验证关键成分的降脂药效,最后结合相关成分在制剂中的含量、稳定性、特征性综合确定质量标志物。结果发现,丹荷颗粒体内成分作用于CES1、ADORA2A、ADORA1、APOB、LDLR、PPARA、PPARG、INSR、ESR2、ESR1共10个高脂血症疾病靶点,主要参与脂质代谢过程以及PPAR、cAMP信号通路,其中LDLR、PPARA、PPARG可能是关键靶点,而网络中与关键靶点直接作用的成分为白藜芦醇、柚皮素。白藜芦醇和柚皮素均可降低油酸诱导的HepG2细胞内脂滴数量,改善细胞脂质堆积严重程度,并显著降低细胞内甘油三酯含量,可能为关键成分;鉴于入体成分白藜芦醇和柚皮素来源于制剂中虎杖苷及柚皮苷,且制剂中虎杖苷及柚皮苷特征明显、含量丰富、稳定,故虎杖苷及柚皮苷可作为丹荷颗粒治疗高脂血症的质量标志物。该研究为丹荷颗粒质量标准的建立提供了合理的候选质控指标。     

LF-NMR和MRI对干制虾仁复水过程水分状态及品质变化的研究

采用低场核磁(LF-NMR)及其成像技术(MRI)研究干制虾仁在25℃复水过程中的水分含量、分布及状态变化,并通过线性回归分析不同复水时间干制虾仁的LF-NMR参数与质构特性及复水率的相关性。实验结果表明,干制虾仁复水过程中存在结合水、不可移动水和自由水3个组分峰,随着复水时间的增加,结合水无明显变化,而自由水、不易流动水含量增加,且自由度增加,流动性增大。LF-NMR参数(T_(22)、T_(23)、A_(22)、A_(23)和A_(Total))和硬度、咀嚼性、弹性、凝聚性以及复水率有极显著的相关性(R~2≥0.613),为干制虾仁复水过程中品质的快速无损预测提供了一种新方法。     

土壤中重金属元素检测的质量认证

探讨了土壤中重金属检测能力验证的质量控制措施,为确保能力验证结果的准确性及不断提高实验室的检测技术水平提供参考.     

Residue behaviour and safety evaluation of fenaminstrobin in peanut field ecosystems

A rapid, sensitive, and selective method using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe procedure in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry was developed for the analysis of fenaminstrobin in peanut and soil. The average recoveries in all samples fall within 88.1%–10%, having relative standard deviations of 2.5%–14%. The limits of quantitation of fenaminstrobin in peanut shell, peanut kernels, peanut plant, and soil were 0.005, 0.004, 0.01, and 0.002 mg kg^?1, respectively. The field trial results show that the half-lives of fenaminstrobin in peanut plant and soil are 1.3–10 and 5.5–20 days, respectively. Residues in peanut kernels were found to be present at <0.004 mg kg^?1 levels, based on good agricultural practices recommended by the manufacturer. The risk posed by fenaminstrobin exposure at the recommended dosage is negligible to humans, depending on the risk quotient.     

The modeling of coalition for environmental protection within co-utility framework

The game theoretic modelling of coalition for environmental protection within the framework of a new concept of co-utility is discussed. The co-utility concept contains mainly two elements. Firstly, agents can increase their payoffs by collaborating with each-other. Secondly, the outcome of collaboration is robust towards internal and external disturbances. The advantages of using of co-utility are two-fold. Primarily, the co-utility concept is broad and can serve as an umbrella concept in all applications where agents have a space for simultaneous improvement of payoffs. Secondly the co-utility concept can be associated with different stability concept such as myopic or farsighted stability. The myopic and farsighted co-utile sets are defined and their element-co-utile outcomes are found.     

基于端点白化权函数聚类的水环境质量等级评价分析

为更准确地评价水环境质量,将端点三角白化权函数灰色评估引入到水质综合评价中.针对以往灰色白化权函数评估主要通过测定指标灰聚类系数判定被评价对象的优劣强弱等级进行等级识别评价,对三角白化权函数计算方法进一步扩展,完成多评价对象的准确等级定位及比较排序.将这种方法应用于山东省聊城市东昌湖水水质评价中,经实例计算证明基于三角白化权函数灰色评估评价模型的稳定性、合理性和实用性为水质评价研究方法提供了新的思路和借鉴.     

论双系统估计量的无偏性

人口普查质量评估中所使用的双系统估计量是否为无偏估计量是一个很值得深入讨论的问题。只有无偏,才能确保使用双系统估计量估计的目标总体实际人数及人口普查净误差平均等于它们的实际数。针对人口普查质量评估工作中所使用的双系统估计量,论证这个估计量的无偏性条件。采用从既定假设出发进行推演的路径论证。研究结果表明,双系统估计量是目标总体实际人数无偏估计量的必要但非充分的条件是,人口普查与其质量评估调查相互独立以及目标总体中的每一个人在人口普查中的登记概率相同,在质量评估调查中登记的概率也相同。